The Mekong is the main fresh water river in Asia, especially South East Asia. The Mekong shares happiness and misery among the people along its path to 6 countries including the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Myanmar, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The Mekong River

Recently, there were many aspects concerned in the development of the Mekong River. The future development, in such ways that both environmentally sustainable and socially sustainable, is still questionable. In short, the China needs want energy and irrigation. Therefore, up-stream large dams projects are on going. The Laotions want capital and expertise to develop hydropower for selling to Thailand and Vietnam. Thai also want more water and energy. Again, down-stream large dams project are planning. The Khmers need capital and infrastructure and to secure sustainable fishery resources in the Tonle Sap (Great Lake). The Vietnamese needs capital for the management of resources and does not want any upstream development to aggravate salt water intrusion in the Mekong delta during the dry season.

Certainly, this sustainable development needs public participation based on known basic human rights. What are the protected human rights in natural resources along the Mekong River for these changes? How do we share these natural resources suitable for the up-stream and down-stream countries, ultimately the Earth? This perhaps no answer right now but we can start to think globally about it with neutrality.  In scientific way, all involved countries can get together and share necessary local data to do mass and energy balance within the region.  Currently, the Mekong region has experienced the displacement of water resource in the Mekong River due to hydropower and irrigation dam projects. Hopefully, this signal will bring everyone to concern about the impact and make a solution happen for all. Again, what should be the protected human rights in natural resources along the Mekong River? For this moment, there is an example of human right concerned in the Sustainable Development of Mining and Energy Resources.  Some underlying concepts, theoretical issues and laws in public participation in resources development have been proposed. Up to this point, the Mekong River Commission's (MRC) was set and the leaders were talked. Next vision of the harmonized Mekong community still keeps waiting.