為瞭解台南地區樂齡族群運動休閒參與動機與參與運動休閒後對生活品質的提升之情況，藉由參與運動休閒來提升與改善生活的品質，並作為後續相關單位在運動休閒活動推廣上的參考依據。本研究係針對2009年台南縣十七所樂齡資源學習中心的樂齡族群為研究對象，採用簡單隨機抽樣法抽出八所樂齡資源學習中心（包括鹽水、麻豆、下營、新營、大內、六甲、七股、後壁樂齡資源學習中心），共回收420份有效問卷。使用描述性統計、因素分析和相關分析表達結果；以獨立樣本T檢定分析台南地區不同性別的樂齡族群在「參與動機」與「參與運動休閒後對生活品質的提升」之差異；單因子變異數分析台南地區不同年齡、婚姻狀況、職業樂齡族群在「參與動機」與「參與運動休閒後對生活品質的提升」之差異，α檢定數值為0.05進行統計考驗。結果顯示：
一、台南地區樂齡族群的男女性分佈為1：2，年齡集中於61到65歲，婚姻狀
況為已婚有小孩已獨立為主，職業大多數為其他，其次為農業與服務業，樂
於參與的運動以養身健康操為最高，其次為國術運動，樂於參與的休閒活動
以旅遊為最高，再來為散步與聊天。
二、經由因素分析萃取運動休閒參與動機因素構面為「健康適能」、「成就需求」、
「社會需求」、「刺激避免」、「技術需求」；參與運動休閒後對生活品質的提升
因素構面為「生理構面」、「心理構面」、「社會構面」、「環境構面」。
三、台南地區樂齡族群「參與運動休閒的動機」與「參與運動休閒後對生活品質
的提升」之因素呈現正相關，「生理構面」、「心理構面」、「社會構面」、「環
境構面」，皆和「技術需求」相關程度最高。
四、台南地區不同性別之樂齡族群在「參與運動休閒的動機」、「參與運動休閒後
對生活品質的提升」構面因素獨立樣本T檢定未達顯著水準。
五、台南地區不同婚姻狀況之樂齡族群在「參與運動休閒的動機」的構面因素之
單因子變異數分析達顯著水準；不同年齡與不同職業的台南地區樂齡族群在
「參與運動休閒的動機」、「參與運動休閒後對生活品質的提升」構面因素之
單因子變異數分析考驗皆未達顯著水準。
最後，本研究依據研究結果進行討論，進而提出後續相關研究與建議。
關鍵詞：樂齡族群、運動休閒、參與動機、生活品質
A study of motivation of sports and leisure participation and life quality for elderly citizens in Tainan area
1 Lu，Ying－Yi 2 Huang Kuan-Yu 3 Chiu I-jui
Aletheia University
ABSTRACT
The main aim of this study is to analyze elderly citizens’ motivation to participate sports and leisure, and how sports and leisure improve their life quality in Tainan area. The results of study also can be used as the reference for the promotion of sports and leisure activities in the future. SRS was adopted among eight of seventeen senior citizens’ recreation centers (including Yanshuei, Madou, Siaying, Sinying, Danei, Lioujia, Cigu and Houbi ) in Tainan area in 2009. There were 420 valid collected questionnaires. The results were expressed by Descriptive Statistics, factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Using One-Way ANOVA analyzed the diversity of “participation motives of sports and leisure” and “the improvement of the quality of life” between different ages, marriage status, and occupations of Tainan elderly citizens. A t-test was used to analyze the differences in different genders. The findings are as followings:
- The ratio of male to female was 1:2; the age range of elderly people was from 61 to 65; Marriage status: married with independent kids; Occupation: others, farming, service; Favorite sports: health exercise, Chinese martial arts; Favorite leisure: traveling, walking and chatting.
2. By using the factor analysis, the factors of participation of sports and leisure were “health fitness”, “achievement requirement”, “social requirement”, “excite to avoid”, “technique requirement”. The factors of improvement of the quality of life were “factor of physic”, “factor of psyche”, “factor of society”, “factor of environment”.
3. The relationship of participation motivation and the improvement of the quality of live were positive. The “factor of physics”, ”factor of psyche”, “factor of society” and “factor of environment” were highest related with “technique requirement”.
4. No significant level was reached in different genders by using t-test.
5. By using One-way ANOVA, obvious level was reached in different marriage statuses, but no apparent level appeared between different ages and occupations.
Key words: elderly citizen, Sports and Leisure, Participation motivation, Quality of life |
